判斷詞性對於單字的運用非常重要,而認識字尾(或稱 “後綴”)可以協助您在第一眼看到一個字就立刻判斷出它的詞性。不同的字尾(suffix)不僅可以讓一個字擁有不同的詞性,它也可以賦予一個單字不同的功能。
以下整理一些常見的字尾,每個都附上衍生的相關單字與例句供大家參考:
1. 形成「名詞」的字尾
“-ion”:行為的過程或結果
- Fusion(融合;結合;熔合;合併)
His work is a fusion of several different styles of music.(他的作品是幾種不同音樂風格的融合。)
- Revision(修正;修改)
These proposals will need a lot of revision.(這些提案需要進行大刀闊斧的修改。)
- Opinion(意見;看法;主張)
What’s your opinion on the matter?(你對這件事有甚麼看法?)
“-ness”:性質、情況、狀態
- Roughness(不平整)
The roughness of the roads is the biggest danger to tires.(路面不平是輪胎最大的危險。)
- Darkness(暗;黑暗;陰暗)
I could hardly see anything in the darkness.(在黑暗中我幾乎什麼都看不見。)
- Awareness(意識)
Public awareness of the problem will make politicians take it seriously.(一旦公眾意識到這個問題,政客們就會嚴肅對待它了。)
“-ment”:行為;狀態;結果;狀態
- Treatment(對待;待遇;處理)
Peter gets special treatment because he knows the boss.(彼得認識老闆,所以受到特殊待遇。)
- Abandonment(離棄;放棄;拋棄;遺棄)
The abandonment of the island followed nuclear tests in the area.(在這個地區進行核試驗後,這座島嶼被放棄了。)
- Movement(動;移動;運動)
He made a sudden movement and frightened the bird away.(他突然動了一下,鳥就受驚飛走了。)
2. 形成「形容詞」的字尾
“-ful”:充滿……的
- Grateful {(尤指對其他人)感激的,表示感謝的}
I’m just grateful that I’m not still working for him.(真是謝天謝地,我現在不用再為他工作了。)
- Colorful(豐富多彩的;有聲有色的)
The town, of course, has a very colorful history/past.(當然,這座城鎮具有豐富多彩的歷史。)
- Bountiful {(數量)異常大的}
We found a bountiful supply of coconuts on the island.(我們發現島上有充足的椰子。)
“-less”:沒有……的
- Hopeless(沒希望的)
She was depressed and felt totally hopeless about the future.(她情緒低落,覺得未來毫無希望。)
- Baseless(沒有事實根據的;無根據的)
She assured me that my fears were baseless.(她向我保證,我的恐懼是毫無根據的。)
- Reckless(魯莽的;輕率的;不顧後果的)
He was found guilty of reckless driving.(他被判魯莽駕駛罪名成立。)
“-able”:能夠……的
- Suitable(適宜的;合適的)
The film is not suitable for children.(這部電影不適宜兒童觀看。)
- Capable(有能力的;熟練的;能幹的)
We need to get an assistant who’s capable and efficient.(我們需要一個能力強、效率高的助理。)
- Dependable(可以信賴的;可以信任的)
I need someone dependable to take care of the children while I’m at work.(我上班的時候需要有一個可靠的人來照顧孩子們。)
3. 形成「動詞」的字尾
“-ize”:使成為……化
- Organize(安排;組織;籌劃)
They organized a meeting between the teachers and students.(他們組織了一次師生會議。)
- Memorize(記住;熟記;背熟)
When I was at school, we were required to memorize a poem every week.(唸書的時候,老師要求我們每週背一首詩。)
- Mesmerize(迷住;迷惑)
I was completely mesmerized by the performance.(我完全被表演迷住了。)
“-ify, -fy”:使………化使成為……
- Justify {為……辯護;證明……正當(或有理;正確);是……的正當理由 }
Are you sure that these measures are justified?(你確定這些措施合理嗎?)
- Simplify(使簡化;使簡易)
He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience.(在講給年齡較小的聽眾聽時,他盡可能地簡化這個故事。)
- Satisfy(使滿足;使滿意)
They have 31 flavors of ice cream—enough to satisfy everyone!(他們有31種口味的霜淇淋—足以滿足所有人!)
“-en”:使變成
- Shorten {(使)變短;(使)縮短}
As you grow older, your spine shortens by about an inch.(隨著年齡變老,你的脊椎將縮短約一吋。)
- Enlighten(啓發;啓迪;開導;闡明)
Should the function of children’s television be to entertain or to enlighten?(兒童電視節目的作用應該是娛樂還是啓蒙?)
- Sharpen(使變尖;使鋒利)
My pencil is blunt—I’ll have to sharpen it.(我的鉛筆鈍了—我得削一下。)
參考資料