身為一名ESL的編輯,工作的一部分是幫助作者選擇最好的字彙,精確地傳達作者想表達的意思。例如,實驗的結果能夠「指出indicate」、「建議suggest」、「暗示imply」或「意指mean」某些東西。實驗室的科學家能運用「技術technique」、「方法method」、「程序procedure」或「系統system」。哪個字能準確傳達語意中的些微差距呢?這得視文章脈絡而定,而正確的選擇用字對非母語人士來說會有困難,特別是同義字詞間細微的差距,非母語人士更是感到非常困惑和猶疑不定。
建議非母語人士同時使用同義語詞典和字典,對用字的準確度會大大提升,但是寫作者太常只使用同義語詞典,鮮少一併查閱字典。我最喜愛的參考書之一則結合了最好的兩套字典和同義語詞典:S. I. Hayakawa (Author), Funk & Wagnalls Dictionary Staff (Collaborator)所編著的《Use the Right Word: Modern Guide to Synonyms and Related Words》,S. I. Hayakawa博士是一名語言學家、語意學家、英語教授,並於1977~1983間在美國加州參議院服務。
本書蒐集了比較同義詞組(也有反義詞)的論文,以最常見的字為中心將同義詞列在同一組。例如,以mean為例的論文討論相關字的使用,如connote、denote、imply、indicate、signify、suggest、symbolize。下面是論文裡的截錄:
“Mean is the least formal and the most general in embracing every kind of import a sign may have….”
“….Indicate stresses a rough approximation of literal meaning, whereas imply stresses the unstated associative or peripheral overtones present in a sign or word.”
“….Imply, when compared with suggest, stresses subtlety or complexity of association; suggest stresses tentative alternatives in meaning or a permissible variety of interpretations.”
在deficient 首字為例的論文中,討論的是inadequate、poor、unsatisfactory間的差異。在normal首字為例的論文中,討論的是natural、ordinary、regular、typical。在suppose首字為例的論文中,討論的是assume、conjecture、guess、imagine、postulate、surmise。我每次打開這本書都能學得一些新東西,不妨考慮為您的參考工具類藏書添購一本好書吧!
*Hayakawa, S.I., ed., Funk & Wagnalls Modern Guide to Synonyms and Related Words (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), is the original edition, which is no longer in print; I obtained my copy from a used bookseller. A 1987 reprint with a slightly different title is also available used: Choose the Right Word: A Modern Guide to Synonyms and Related Words (New York: Perennial Library, 1987). In addition, a revised edition is currently in print: Choose the Right Word: A Contemporary Guide to Selecting the Precise Word for Every Situation. 2nd ed. Eugene Ehrlich, revising editor (New York: Harper Perennial, 1994).